A One-Stop Solution for Shopping Title Insurance and Closing Settlement Services in Colorado
A condensed chronological summary of all documents and transactions recorded in the public records which affect a specific parcel of real property. Also referred to as an abstract.
A person or company that makes abstracts.
A certificate which appears at the end of an abstract in which the abstracter states the time, period, and scope of the search made for in- struments in the public records. In some states, the certificate limits the abstracter's liability.
To touch or border upon a parcel of real estate. In a subdivision, the individual lots abut each other.
A clause in a deed of trust, promissory note, or mortgage which advances the time period for payment of the debt and gives the lender the right to demand immediate payment of the entire loan when the borrower breaches a condition of the contract such as failing to make a monthly payment.
An oral or written assertion by a party receiving an offer that he is willing to be legally bound by the terms of the offer.
A general or specific right to enter or leave a particular property from a street or highway.
A natural increase of land along the shores of a body of water.
The difference between the cost to replace property new, as of the date of an appraisal, and the present appraised value of the property.
Expenses that are incurred but not yet payable such as interest on a promissory note or real property taxes.
A written declaration made by a person, before a notary public or other person authorized by law to witness the execution of legal documents, that their action was voluntary and free of duress.
A measurement of land which equals 160 square rods, 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet.
A term used in measuring the volume of water, equal to the quantity of water required to cover one acre foot deep, or 43,560 cubic feet.
Express knowledge of a fact or event gained through direct experience or information.
An instrument or a clause in an instrument which increases the amount of a loan from the amount stated in the original deed of trust.
Deed of trust or mortgage with an interest rate that increases or decreases depending on a national financial indicator such as the current interest rate of treasury bills issued by the U.S. Government.
A person appointed by the court to administer the estate of a deceased person who died without leaving a will (an intestate estate).
Latin term meaning "according to value" which is normally used to describe a tax based on the assessed value of real property.
The right of an occupant of land to acquire superior title to the real estate against the record owner where the possession has been actual, notorious, hostile, visible, and continuous for the required statutory period which is 18 years in Colorado. Adverse possession promotes the productive use of land by giving title to the one using the land.
A written statement or declaration, sworn to or affirmed by some officer who has the authority to administer an oath or affirmation.
A legal relationship resulting from an agreement or contract, either expressed or implied, oral or written, where one person, the agent is employed by another called the principal, to perform certain acts in dealing with a third party.
Any person, partnership, association, corporation, or other legal entity authorized or employed by another called the principal, to act for, on behalf of, and subject to the control and direction of the principal.
A legally binding contract made between two or more parties.
The rights a real property owner has to use the air space above the physical surface of his land.
The transfer of real property by a person or legal entity to another person or legal entity.
The absolute ownership of real estate which is subject to inheritance by the owner's heirs or to disposition by the owner as he determines.
The increasing of land, especially along the shore or banks of a river caused by the natural deposit and buildup of sediment. This sediment is called alluvium.
Title insurance forms designed by the American Land Title Association to insure standardization and uniformity in the title insurance industry.
Features such as prime location, neighborhoods, outlook or close access or proximity to schools, parks, lakes, or shopping malls which enhance the desirability and promote the value of the real estates.
An association of title insurance company agents, abstractors, and real estate attorneys whose objective is to promote real property ownership and real property interests by providing information and education to consumers as well as continuing education to its members. The association also maintains professional standard and ethics within the title insurance industry.
The liquidation or gradual payment of a financial obligation by periodic installments.
A chart which displays the amount of the payments, interest and principal, and the unpaid balance of the loan after each payment is made.
Those additional services to the closing process such as courier/overnight mail, tax certificate, wire transfer, release of deed of trust processing / tracking, cashier's check, escrow setup, E-Loan Docs, E-Recording, etc. that also bear additional costs to the actual closing fee.
The total interest of all finance charges, interest, points, and other fees a borrower pays for a loan computed over the term of the loan.
The annual payment of income paid to individuals under specific types of insurance policies or under the provisions of wills and trust estates.
A written report which describes an estimate of the quality or value of specific real property and states the basis for such evaluation. This report is prepared by a state licensed real estate appraiser.
This is a temporary or permanent increase in the value of real property. based on economic factors.
The act of taking and reducing to personal possession the water in a stream or other body of water, and applying such water to beneficial use.
A person who diverts and puts to beneficial use the water of a stream or other body of water under a water right obtained through appropriation.
A practicing lawyer whose examination of titles and title opinions are accepted by a title insurance company as a basis for issuance of its title insurance policies.
Something adapted to the use of the real property to which it is connected or attached and is intended to be a permanent addition to the land. Appurtenances pass with the title to the land. Examples of appurtenances are a house, garage, barn, or right-of-way access.
Belonging to, or accessory to, or incident to real property.
The process by which a dispute is submitted to an impartial third party, as opposed to a court of law, to render a decision and final disposition of of the issues of disagreement.
This is a term used in the title insurance industry used primarily in abstract plants and title plants which refers to simplified forms of land description arbitrarily used for indexing purposes instead of the more complex descriptions contained in deeds, mortgages, and other real estate instruments.
Expenses which are paid after the end of the period for which they are due such as taxes and loan interest.
A public official who evaluates property for purposes of taxation.
An estimate of value of real property determined by a unit of government such as a city or county assessor's office.
The valuation of real property in order to levy a tax upon it.
The party to whom a legal right has been assigned or transferred.
The transfer to another of a legal right.
The party who assigns or transfers a legal right.
Additional security taken by the lender in connection with a deed of trust or mortgage which pledges any income derived from renting the property.
A buyer who assumes a mortgage acquires title to real property by agreeing to assume primary liability for payment of the loan originally made by the seller.
The fee a lender charges a borrower for assuming an existing loan.
A type of encumbrance permitted only under special circumstances which is placed against the real estate of a defendant in a pending lawsuit for money damages.
The written opinion of an attorney-at-law evaluating the marketability of title to real property based upon an examination of the abstract of title or the records in the county clerk and recorder's office.
Also known as an aviation easement, this is an easement over private property which abuts and extends out from the end of airport runways. This easement restricts the graduated height of agricultural crops, trees, and other objects in the take off and landing path of aircraft.
A change or shift in a water boundary resulting in loss of land by an owner and the acquiring of such land by another party.
A statement showing a company's financial position at the end of an accounting period by listing assets, liabilities, and owner's equity.
A final lump sum payment of an installment debt, much larger than all previous installments, and which pays the debt in full prior to its full amortization.
A proceeding in the U.S. District court, Bankruptcy Division, where the assets of a debtor unable or unwilling to pay his debts are applied by an officer of the court (the trustee) in satisfaction of creditor claims.
Any deed that recites consideration and purports to convey the real estate. A bargain and sale deed with a covenant against the grantor's acts warrants only that he or she has done nothing to harm or cloud the title.
An imaginary set of lines running east and west used surveyors for reference in locating and describing private and public lands.
A mathematical computation for establishing real property value by computing the original cost, plus capital expenditures, minus depreciation. The Internal Revenue Service uses basis to determine taxable gains and losses and annual depreciation.
A wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight.
The person who benefits from certain acts, e.g. a will; one receiving benefits, profits, or advantage; one for whose benefit a trust is created.
To leave personal property to another by means of the provisions in a will.
Personal property received under the provisions in a will.
A written instrument by which a person transfers right, title, or interest in personal property to another.
This is a preliminary report as to the condition of a title and a commitment to issue a specific title insurance policy when certain requirements and conditions have been satisfied.
A mortgage that covers more than one piece of property.
A written promise to pay to the bearer or owner of a certificate of debt, such as an interest coupon, a stated sum of money at a specified time.
A duly licensed person, firm. partnership, limited liability company, association, or corporation who, in consideration of compensation or with the intent of receiving such compensation, facilitates a real property transaction for another party.
Local government regulations specifying structural requirements for buildings.
A line inside the boundary lines of a piece of real estate beyond which no building may be constructed. Building lines may be created by municipal ordinances, restrictions, and subdivision plats.
The legal rights or interests which an owners holds in property. The right to control, use, possess, enjoy an dispose of the property.
The federal agency in charge of administering public lands.
A broker engaged by and representing the buyer in a real estate transaction.
Taxable income generated from the sale of an asset.
A percentage rate of change applied in the income approach to value.
Recognizing revenue and expense when cash is received or disbursed rather than when earned or incurred. A service business not dealing in inventory has the option of using the cash or accrual basis of accounting. Individual taxpayers must use the accrual basis.
Cash receipts minus cash disbursements from an operation or asset. An annual cash flow statement shows total return after taxes.
Latin phrase meaning "let the buyer beware" which formerly imposed a duty on the buyer to examine the products or property and accepting them "as is."
An abbreviation for covenants, conditions and restrictions.
The Veterans Administration's certified appraisal of the value of real property.
A written guaranty of the condition of the taxes on a certain property made by the county treasurer where in the property is located. Any loss resulting from an error in a tax certificate shall be paid by the county that the treasurer represents.
Beginning with the conveyance out of the original source of title, such as a government patent, each succeeding deed, will, or other document which conveys and transfers title to succeeding owners constitutes a link in the chain of title. The chronological compilation of all links constitutes the chain of title.
A provision of the 1994 Bankruptcy Reform Act that covers liquidations under a court appointed trustee.
A provision of the 1994 Bankruptcy Reform Act that covers reorganizations where the debtor remains in control of the of the business and its operations under a court appointed trustee.
A provision of the 1994 Bankruptcy Reform Act that covers an individual debtor who files a wage earner plan under a court appointed trustee.
Property other than real estate such as personal property which is moveable and is not an appurtenance.
Also known as a quadrangle, this is a square tract of land in the U.S. Governmental Survey System which measures 24 miles on on each side.
An amendment, revision, supplementation, or cancellation of a will usually in written form.
A right to assert or to demand something such as the delivery of possession of property based on an ownership right or contract provision.
Title to property that is free from liens, defects, or other encumbrances except those which the buyer has agreed to accept.
The process of completing a real estate transaction. Deeds, mortgages, trust deed, leases, and other required instruments are executed and delivered to the parties in the transaction by the escrow agent who gives a written accounting to the parties, disburses funds, and completes all other conditions related to the transaction.
Expenses of the sale which the buyer pays in addition to the purchase price and are deducted from the proceeds of the sale which the seller receives. Certain costs are prorated as of the date the title to the buyer takes title to the real property.
A letter issued to a lender, seller, buyer or borrower by a title insurance underwriter providing additional assurances outside the scope of a title insurance policy that protects a lender, seller, buyer or borrower from loss incurred by the actions of an underwriter's authorized title agent from fraud, dishonesty or negligence in the handling of monies, documents or failure to follow closing instructions.
A written summation, similar to an accounting balance sheet, prepared by the escrow agent which shows the amounts of debits and credits to which each party to a real estate transaction is entitled.
An outstanding claim or encumberance that affects or impairs title to the property.
A promissory note which contains a confession of judgment (waiver of due process) by the borrower.
Security pledged in addition to the personal obligation of the borrower, as a chattel mortgage or trust deed.
Two or more policies of title insurance issued by different title companies with each covering a portion of the same risk, with interlocking provisions when taken together provide total coverage of the risk.
The state organization of real estate licensees whose goal is the professional advancement of the real estate industry and whose membership is comprised of local real estate associations or boards.
Mixing money belonging to others with personal or business funds. Illegal commingling is using the money of one beneficiary for the benefit of another or failing to maintain such money in identified escrow accounts.
The compensation due a real estate broker or mortgage loan broker for services performed in such capacity.
Real estate described in a declaration which obligates an individual unit owner to pay property tax, insurance premiums, maintenance or improvement on some declared real property owned in common. Ownership does not include a leasehold interest of less than forty years, measured from the date the intial term commences, including renewal options.
Law evolving from usage, custom, and judicial interpretation rather than legislated by statute. Common law originated in old English courts.
Property acquired by a husband and wife, or either, during a marriage, by their industry and not by gift. belonging equally to husband and wife.
Compiling recently sold properties, similar to a specific property being appraised to indicate a reasonable fair market value for the subject property. In the real estate industry, these properties are also called "comps" or "comparables."
A person who has the legal capacity to take action on his own behalf.
Interest which is paid on the original principal and on the accumulated accrued and unpaid interest.
The process by which real property of a private owner is taken for public use, with compensation paid to the owner, under the governmental right of eminent domain.
Provisions in real estate instruments which make a particular right contingent upon the occurrence of a future event or action.
A common interest community in which portions of the real estate are designated for separate ownership and the remainder of which is distributed for common ownership solely among separate owners. A common interest community is not a condominium unless the undivided interests in the common elements are vested in the unit owners.
A unit owned or leased in a condominium complex.
A declaration which describes condominium ownership. It's provisions commit the real property to a condominium development with the ownership of air spaces, the general common elements and limited common elements, and establishes the basic rights an obligations of the owners. A management association with the authority to collect common expenses and otherwise act for the benefit of the owners is also established.
Governmental seizing of property with compensation.
A promise or an act of legal value bargained for and received in return for a promise; one of the essential elements of a contract.
A short-term loan used to finance the building of a structure.
The conclusive presumption that all persons have knowledge of the contents of a recorded instrument. This is also known as legal notice.
The inability of a purchaser or lessee to obtain possession because of an outstanding right or superior title.
An agreement, enforceable at law, between two or more competent persons, having a legal purpose, wherein the parties agree to act in a certain manner.
The chief accounting executive of an organization responsible for the following duties: financial reporting, tax administration, management audits, planning controls, and developing accounting systems and procedures.
A mortgage or deed of trust securing a loan made by private investors without government participation as in F.H.A.-insured or V.A.-guaranteed loans.
Unauthorized appropriation of ownership rights over goods or property belonging to another; also altering one form of property to another such as changing a leasehold apartment building to freehold condominium ownership.
An instrument in writing by which a person transfers some estate or interest in real estate to another, such as a deed of trust.
A method of land description based on measurements from the intersection of statutorily defined north-south and east-west axes. This method is applied only in Delta and Ute counties.
A promise or agreement, usually in writing, to do or not do certain acts; also stipulations in a real estate conveyance document governing the use of the property.
The product of multiplying width x height x depth (or length) of an object.
A unit of discharge for measurement of flowing liquid, equal to a flow of one cubic foot per second past a given section. Also called "second foot."
A street which is open at one end only with a circular turnaround.
A common law life estate in all of a wife's real property given to the husband upon her death, provided a child was born from their marriage. This estate is abolished in Colorado.
A party to a real estate transaction with whom the broker has no broker relationship because such party has not engaged or employed the broker.
A recorded instrument that defines boundaries and common elements of a condominium and establishes basic rights and obligations of the owners. It also provides for the creation of an owners' association including a board of directors with authority to collect common expenses and otherwise act for the benefit of all owners.
Bonds issued without specific security and are secured only by the overall equity of the issuer.
Transfer of land from private to public use, as streets in a platted subdivision.
A legal instrument in writing, duly executed and delivered, whereby the owner (grantor) conveys to another (grantee) some right, title, or interest in or to the real estate.
A book in the public records in which deeds are recorded.
A deed from a debtor in default conveying to the lender the title to real property given as collateral by the debtor to secure a deed of trust. In consideration for the conveyance, the lender agrees to forego statutory or judicial foreclosure proceedings.
A provision in a deed controlling or limiting a use of the land.
A omission or failure to perform a legal duty; failure to meet an obligation when due.
A fee interest in land that is capable of being defeated or terminated upon the happening of a specified event.
Any encumbrance or lien on the title to real property recorded in the public records.
A lien against a borrower's remaining assets in an amount equal to the shortage between a foreclosure sale price less the indebtedness owed.
Loss in value due to deterioration from ordinary wear and tear, action of the elements, functional or economic obsolescence.
An employing or employed broker designated in writing by an employing broker to serve as a single agent or transaction broker for a seller, landlord, buyer, or tenant in a real estate transaction; does not include a real estate brokerage firm that consists of only one licensed natural person.
A gift of real property by the last will and testament of a donor.
To deprive a party of the possession and use of real estate.
Illegal or unauthorized use of entrusted funds.
Also known as a "doc fee", a statutory Colorado tax of one percent per one hundred dollars (sale price x .0001) of consideration paid by the real estate buyer when the instrument of conveyance is recorded with a county clerk and recorder.
The property for which the benefit of a right-of-way exists across another's adjoining piece of land is said to be the dominant estate. The land across which the easement runs is the "servient:" estate.
The receiver of a gift.
The giver of a gift.
A common law estate consisting of a one-third interest in a husband's real property given to his wife upon his death. This estate has been abolished in Colorado.
A partial advance of the proceeds of a construction loan mortgage to which the borrower is entitled when construction reaches a specified stage.
A provision in a mortgage or trust deed which allows the lender to call a promissory note due and payable in full immediately upon the sale or transfer of a secured property. This clause allows a lender to raise the interest rate or force other changes in terms upon assumption of the loan.
Forcing action or inaction upon a person against their will.
The down payment made by a purchaser of real estate to the seller as evidence of good faith.
A right or interest in real property of another entitling the holder of the interest to limited use of another's land for a specific purpose such as a right-of-way.
The period of time over which improved property may be profitably used.
A loss in value resulting from factors that exist outside of the property itself.
The percentage of interest the borrower actually pays for the use of the money.
The right to a path or right-of-way over which a person may leave from its own real estate.
Eviction or dispossession from real property.
A governmental right to take private property for public use through the process of condemnation, and with payment of just compensation.
A license level qualifying a broker to employ other licensees, requiring two years of active licensed experience, a 24 hour "brokerage administration" course if licensed after December 31, 1996 and passage of the Colorado part of the broker licensing exam if upgrade to broker associate from salesperson was by means of the broker transition course.
Illegal intrusion of an improvement or other real property onto another's property.
A claim, lien, charge, or liability attached to and binding upon real property, such as a judgment, mortgage, mechanic's lien, a lien for unpaid taxes, or right-of-way.
A written modification or addition clarifying the coverage of a title insurance commitment or policy.
Legal rights established primarily by court decisions upon principles of fairness, honesty, justness, and morality and not upon enacted law of common law.
The value of an owner's interest in real estate exceeding encumbrances.
The right of a person who has mortgaged their property to redeem that property upon payment of the mortgage debt, and the right to redeem with in a reasonable time after the due date of the obligation.
The deterioration of land surface by forces of nature such as wind and water.
Reversion of property to the state when an owner dies without leaving a will or legal heirs to whom the property may pass by lawful descent.
The state or condition of money or a deed held unconditionally by a third party, called the escrow agent, pending the performance or the fulfillment of some act or condition.
Any checking, demand, passbook, or statement account insured by an agency of the United States government maintained in a depository for money that belongs to others.
An impartial third party, usually a title company, who holds money and documents pertaining to a real estate transaction. The escrow agent disburses the funds and delivers documents to the rightful parties when all conditions of the transaction have been fulfilled.
A written agreement whereby a grantor, promissory, or obligor delivers certain instruments or property to an escrow agent to be held until the occurrence of a contingency or performance of a condition, and then to be delivered to the grantee, promise or obligee.
The degree, quantity, nature, and extent of a person's interest in real property such as a fee simple, absolute estate or an estate for years.
An estate in land arising when the tenant wrongfully holds over after the expiration of the tenant's term. The landlord has the choice of evicting the tenant as a trespasser or accepting such tenant for a similar term and under the conditions of the tenant's previous holding.
Also known as a tenancy at will, this is an interest in land terminable at the will of either the tenant or the landlord.
An estate or interest in real estate based upon the legal fiction that a husband and wife are one person. Upon the death of either husband or wife, full title passes to the survivor.
Also known as a tenancy for years, this is an interest in land for a fixed period of time such as one day or 99 years.
Also known as a periodic tenancy, this is an interest in land with no contract date of termination. The rental period (week, month, or year, etc.) renews by payment of the contract rent.
A legal restraint which stops or prevents a person from contradicting or reneging on his previous assertions or representations.
The Latin abbreviation for "et allus", meaning "and others."
The Latin abbreviation for "et uxor", meaning "and wife."
Dispossession by process of law; the act of depriving a person of the possession of land pursuant to a court judgment.
A person who examines and determines the condition and status of real property titles. Also referred to as a title examiner.
This is the review and evaluation of instruments and documents incident to a chain of title by a title examiner to determine their effect and condition in order to reach a conclusion as to the status of the title.
A title industry term which is a provision in a title insurance commitment, binder or policy that excludes liability regarding a specified title defect or an outstanding lien or encumbrance.
A listing whereby the owner engages a real estate brokerage as sole broker for a specified period of time, while retaining the right to sell the property to a buyer that the owner finds without paying the broker a commission.
A listing whereby the owner engages one real estate brokerage as the sole broker for a specified period of time, entitling the broker to a commission regardless of who sells the property, including the owner.
A writ issued by a court to the sheriff directing seizure and sale of a property to satisfy a debt. It is also the act of signing a contract and refers to completion of the terms of a contract.
A person named in a will to carry out its provisions.
The forging, altering, or counterfeiting a document, or knowingly making untruthful statements or misrepresentations.
Also known as "fee" or "fee simple", this is the most comprehensive ownership or real property under law; the largest bundle of ownership rights possible.
This is an estate in land which cannot be conveyed but which must descend to the heirs of the holder; abolished in Colorado.
The agency of the federal government which insures deposits at commercial banks.
An affiliate of the Federal Home Loan Bank, also known as the FHLMC or "Freddie Mac", which creates a secondary market in conventional residential loans, FHA loans, and VA loans by purchasing mortgages from members of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Home Loan Bank System.
An agency of the federal government, also known as the FHA, which insures private loans for financing of new and existing housing under government approve programs.
A mortgage under which the Federal Housing Administration insures approved lenders against loan default.
A federally sponsored private corporation, also know as the FNMA or "Fannie Mae," which provides a market for government secured mortgages held by primary lenders and provides them with a ready market to permit a greater turnover of money for loans.
A person in a position of trust relative to another party. It is confidential as in a fiduciary relationship between an agent and a principal. A fiduciary bears a special relationship of trust and responsibility to others as in the case of a personal representative of a probate estate.
An encumbrance securing an indebtedness which is recorded or filed to indicate that certain personal property or fixtures are encumbered with a debt.
This is a deed of trust which has priority as a lien over any other deed of trust or lien on the same property.
This is a mortgage which has priority as a lien over any other mortgage or lien on the same property.
An item of personal property installed in or attached to land or and an improvement in a permanent manner, so that it is considered part of the real estate.
Termination of property rights due to some default by the borrower; a judicial or public trustee process whereby secured property is sold to satisfy a debt.
A decree issued by a court which concludes the foreclosure of a mortgage, deed of trust, contract or other liens.
A fraudulent or counterfeit execution of an instrument.
A deliberate deception made in order to obtain an unfair or unlawful gain.
A fee simple estate or life estate.
A transfer of real estate between parties by deed. A transfer of real estate from the U.S. government by patent.
A person to whom real estate is conveyed; the buyer.
A person who conveys real estate; the seller.
An administrative subdivision of the range lands under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management ("BLM") established pursuant to section 3 of the Taylor Grazing Act to facilitate management of BLM forage resources.
A lease authorizing the use of public lands outside of grazing districts (Taylor Grazing Act) for the grazing of livestock for a specified period of time.
A permit for the grazing of a set number and class of livestock on a designated area of grazing district lands for a specific time, usually less than one year.
A permit to craze a certain number and class of livestock on a designated area of grazing district lands during specified seasons each year for a period of usually 10 years.
A request to graze certain numbers and classes of livestock upon a national forest for a specified time and subject to rules and regulations adopted by the United States Forest Service.
A number used in the income approach to value used to compare potential desirability of income properties, and calculated by dividing the sales price by gross annual income.
A pervious formation with sides and bottom of relatively impervious material in which ground water is held or retained; also called subsurface water basin.
A person appointed by a court who is legally responsible for the care and management of a person or property of one who is legally incompetent to manage his own affairs.
The provision in deed which begins with the words "to have and to hold" and which defines the quality of the estate or interest which is being conveyed by the grantor to the grantee.
In the title insurance industry, a hazard is a risk that is assumed under a title insurance policy.
A homeowners insurance policy.
A person who inherits or who is entitled to inherit real estate under the provisions or a will or as determined by statute.
Any and all kinds of estates, interests, an rights in real estate which can be inherited.
A title industry term which describes a separation, gap, or unaccounted for area of land.
One who fails to vacate leased property after the lease has expired.
A fixed statutory sum exempt from execution by creditors, and intended to protect a family home from foreclosure or sale for debts. Also known as homestead right.
Additions made to real estate for the purpose of increasing its value such as streets, sewers, or buildings.
A drawing which shows the location of improvements and easements on a specific parcel of real estate.
To insure against possible loss or damage. A title insurance policy is a contract to indemnify.
A writ or order issued by a court to restrain one or more parties to a legal proceeding from taking action which will cause legal harm to the rights of a party or parties in the proceeding.
An agreement for the purchase of real estate on an installment basis, where the deed is withheld until all or a specified portion of the purchase price is paid.
A written document.
Latin meaning "among other things."
Estates, rights or legal claims in and to real property.
This is a mortgage where only interest on the loan is paid on a monthly basis without paying down the principal amount of the loan.
Dying without leaving a valid will.
A lien against property taken by a governmental agency to enforce its right to collect taxes, special assessments, and income taxes.
A type of co-ownership of real property featuring a right of survivorship and four unities of ownership: time, title, interest, and possession.
The liability by two or more persons for the same obligation which each person having legal liability for the entire obligation.
Two or more individuals or legal entities joining together on a single project.
Final declaration of the rights of the parties by a court.
A general lien placed on real and personal property belonging to a debtor.
A mortgage which holds a lower lien priority than a first mortgage.
The power and authority of a court to hear and render a decision which binds the parties to a lawsuit.
A legal principle under which one is barred from asserting a claim or right because of material delay or negligence in the timely assertion of these rights.
Real property; all below the surface, the surface and the airspace above it, and that which is affixed to it permanently. Synonymous with "real property", "realty", and "real estate." Terms often used to mean only the unimproved surface of the land.
The production, distribution, and consumption of wealth deriving from land classification and use.
An owner who has leased an estate-in-land to a tenant.
A broker engaged by and representing a landlord as an agent in a leasing transaction.
An agreement under which a tenant receives possession and use of real property for a certain period of time and the landlord receives the payment of rent and/or the performance of other conditions.
An estate or right in real property held under a lease.
A description recognized by law that is sufficient to locate and identify a specific piece of real property without oral testimony.
A party who possesses an estate in realty under a lease and is commonly referred to as the tenant.
A party who conveys a right or estate in realty to a lessee under a lease and is commonly referred to as the landlord.
The permission to go upon the land of another which does not constitute an interest in the land.
A right given by law to a creditor to have a debt or charge satisfied out of the value of real or personal property owned by the debtor.
An estate or interest in real property held for the duration of the life of some other person.
An amount agreed upon by the parties to be considered full damages owed by the defaulting party upon the occurrence of an event that constitutes a default under the contract.
A filing against specific real property giving public notice that an action at law is pending and may affect the title to the land.
An agreement or contract of employment, either oral or written, whereby the owner authorized the real estate broker to sell, exchange, or lease real estate.
A lawsuit in which a dispute is submitted to a court for determination.
A title industry term which refers to damage suffered resulting from defects or liens upon the title to real estate. Loss also refers to money paid by a title insurance company in settlement of policy claims.
The finance fee charged by a lender to make a loan which is generally computed as a percentage of the face amount of the loan.
A specific measured parcel of land with fixed boundaries.
A document listing the assets, debts, earning history, and other economic factors of a borrower used by the lender to evaluate the level of risk he assumes in making a loan.
A title free from reasonable doubt of defect which can be readily sold or mortgaged to a reasonably prudent person. a marketable title is free from material defects or grave doubts and reasonably free from potential litigation.
The price which a ready, willing, and able buyer would pay and which a ready, willing, and able seller would accept, absent duress or coercion to either party, assuming both parties are fully informed, act reasonably, and have sufficient time to consider the transaction with due care.
A lien created by statute which exists against real property in favor of persons who have performed work or furnished materials for the I improvement of the real estate.
A method of describing or locating real property. Metes are measures of length and bounds are boundaries. This method starts from a well-marked point of beginning and follows the boundaries of the land until it returns once more to the point of beginning.
Some states use a mill rate to compute property taxes. The value of a mill is one-tenth of a cent. A tax rate of one mill on the dollar or one-tenth of one percent of the assessed value of the property. (assessed value x .001)
A person under the age of 18 years old.
A conditional conveyance of property as security for the payment of a debt or the fulfillment of some obligation. Upon payment of the debt or performance of the obligation, a mortgage automatically becomes void.
A lender or creditor to whom property is conveyed under a mortgage or deed of trust as security for repayment of a loan or a fulfillment or an obligation.
A policy of title insurance which insures the holder of a mortgage against loss resulting from the impairment or invalidity of the lien of such mortgage or because of defect, superior liens, or unmarketability of the title.
A borrower who gives a mortgage conveying interest to the lender as security for the obligation to repay a loan or fulfill some obligation.
A marketing arrangement among real estate brokers whereby a seller authorizes the listing broker to share information, with a predetermined portion of a commission to any broker cooperating in the sale of the property.
Agreement of the parties to the contract, known as a "meeting of the minds," mutually consenting to be bound by its exact terms. Mutual assent is an essential contract element.
A national association of real estate personnel whose goal is the professional advancement of the real estate industry and whose membership is comprised of state and local real estate associations or boards.
A forest or watershed reservation administered by the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
A written instrument containing a promise of payment which can be endorsed from one person to another.
A listing contract whereby the owner is to receive a certain net price with the broker receiving any excess over and above the net price as commission.
A written instrument acknowledging a debt and promising payment.
A written notice to a borrower from a lender that a default has occurred and that legal action may be taken.
Impairment of desirability and usefulness of the property resulting from economic, functional, physical, fashion, or other changes.
To present for sale or a proposal presented for acceptance or rejection which, if accepted will form a binding contract.
One to whom the offer is made.
One who makes an offer.
A non-exclusive employment agreement in which an owner retains the right to list the property with other brokers.
A temporary right for a specified time and for which consideration is paid, during which an optionee may purchase or lease property at a set price.
One who requests, receives, or stands to benefit from an option.
One who grants an option to another, usually the landowner.
A policy of title insurance which indemnifies an owner of real estate against loss resulting from defects in, liens against, or an unmarketable title.
A wall erected on a line between adjoining properties for the use of both properties.
A lawsuit between joint owners of real estate in which the court either divides the property between them or orders the property sold and divides the proceeds between them.
An instrument of conveyance of government-owned land to an individual.
A commercial lease of property in which the rent is based upon a percentage of the sales volume derived from the leased premises.
A test that determines if soil will take sufficient water seepage for use as a septic tank. Also known as a perc test.
An interest in land with no contract date of termination. The rental period renews by payment of the contract rent. Also known as an estate from period-to period.
All that is not real property; items of a temporary or movable nature.
A planned unit development or PUD is a zoning classification that provided applicants with more flexibility by allowing a mixture of land uses and types of dwellings. A PUD is characterized by a high density of dwellings and maximum utilization of open spaces.
A parcel or plot of land; also a method of land description referring to a recorded map (plat) of a subdivision or town which lays out boundaries, streets, and easements etc.
A set of books maintained in the public record in which maps, plats, and copies of surveys are recorded.
The governmental right to enact legislation deemed necessary to protect and promote the health, safety, and general welfare of the Public. (License law is supported by this legal theory.)
A legal instrument authorizing another person to act in place of the person executing the instrument.
The interest rate which banks charge their preferred customers.
A person, partnership, association, corporation, or other legal entity who authorizes or employs another called an agent to do certain acts on behalf of the principal.
Anything which may be owned and its bundle of ownership rights; the right to use, possess, enjoy, and dispose of a thing in every legal way and to exclude everyone else from interfering with these rights. Property is generally classified into two groups: personal and real.
An elected county official to whom borrowers convey title to real property by trust deed for the benefit of the beneficiary (lender).
A mortgage given by the purchaser to secure a loan for part or all of the purchase price. This mortgage becomes a lien becomes a lien on the property simultaneously with the passing of title, and if immediately recorded becomes prior to any lien against the purchaser.
A square tract of land in the U.S. Governmental Survey System which measures 24 miles on each side.
Assurance that one's title, possession, or use of real estate will not be disturbed or disrupted by legitimate cause or adverse right.
An action in court to remove a defect, cloud, or suspicion regarding the owner's legal rights to a parcel of real estate.
A deed in which the grantor warrants nothing, conveying only the grantor's present interest, if any.
A six mile wide strip of land that runs in a north-south direction. Ranges are determined by government survey and are numbered in numerical order east or west of a principal meridian.
A written commitment by a lender which guarantees a specific interest rate, at a specific cost, for a specified period of time.
Real property, realty, land.
A federal law which ensures that the buyer and seller in a real estate transaction have knowledge of all settlement costs when financing is through a federal loan program or sold by the lender to a federal agency.
The surface of the earth and whatever is erected, growing upon or affixed to the land, including that which is below it and the airspace above it.
A registered trade name exclusive to members of the National Association of REALTORS.
Real property, land, real estate.
A court-appointed custodian who holds property pending final disposition of the matter before the court.
Entering of filing an instrument in a book of public records in the office of the county clerk and recorder. Recording constitutes "constructive notice" to all persons of the rights of claims contained in the instrument.
See U.S. Government Survey System.
The right of an owner to redeem or reclaim real estate by paying the debt or charge (such as mortgage or tax lien) after default, together with interest and costs. Specifically, equity of redemption is the right to redeem the property after default but before foreclosure. Statutory right-of-redemption refers to the right to redeem the property after foreclosure, or other enforcement action, within a certain time specified by statute. In Colorado, a mortgagor has a statutory right ro redeem property any time within 75 days for residential and six months for agricultural property or three year after a tax sale.
In the title insurance industry, this refers to a reduced rate of title insurance premium applicable in cases where the owner of the land has been previously insured in an owner's policy by the insurer within a specific time period.
The relinquishment or surrender of a right, claim, or interest.
The discharge or release of specific property from the charge or lien of a of a judgment, mortgage or other claim.
A clause in a deed limiting the use of a property.
A characteristic of joint tenancy whereupon the death of one tenant triggers an automatic and immediate transfer of the decedent's property rights equally among the surviving tenant(s).
An easement or right to pass over another's land. Also the strip of land used as roadbed by a railroad or used for a public purpose by other public utilities.
An inactive license status in Colorado; in other jurisdictions, a license level authorized to perform real estate activity on behalf of a licensed real estate broker.
Actual possession of real estate by a freehold estate owner; a typical warranty deed covenant.
A broker engaged by and representing the seller in a real estate transaction.
A settlement form printed by the Department of Housing and Development (HUD) which lists all charges paid by the buyer and seller and the disbursement of funds at the real estate closing.
A broker engaged by and representing only one party typically the buyer, seller, tenant, or landlord in a real estate transaction.
A tax against real property made by a unit of government to cover the proportionate cost of an improvement such as a street or sewer.
A deed in which the grantor warrants title only against defects arising during the grantor's ownership.
A remedy compelling a party to perform or carry out the terms of a valid, existing contract.
An agreement between the state of Colorado and other parties for the use of lands under the jurisdiction of the Sate Board of Land Commissioners for grazing, agriculture, and other lawful purposes.
See redemption.
A clause in a mortgage or lease stating that the rights of the holder shall shall be secondary to a subsequent encumbrance or right of another person.
In leases, the cancellation of a lease by mutual consent of lessor and lessee.
The measurement of a parcel of land and its characteristics. This also refers the map or plat drawn by a surveyor which represents the property surveyed and shows the results of a survey.
Administered under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management to facilitate management of their forage resources.
See estate at sufferance.
See estate at will.
A type of co-ownership of an estate in land entitling each tenant to full possession of the property (unity of possession) regardless of the proportionate share owned. Tenancy-in-common has no right of survivorship.
A broker engaged by and representing the tenant in a leasing transaction.
The condition of death characterized by the decedent who has left no no valid will.
An interval interest in real estate which limits ownership or occupancy rights to specified time periods. Ownership may be either fee simple (deeded) or "right to use" (contractual or membership).
In real property, title is the right, or evidence of the right, to ownership.
Indemnification of a policyholder from loss due to a title defect, provided the loss does not result from a defect excluded by the policy provisions.
A report issued by a title insurance company which sets forth the conditions of the title and commits the title insurance company to issue the form of policy designated in the commitment upon compliance with and satisfaction of requirements stated in the commitment.
A policy of title insurance which indemnifies the holder for loss sustained by reason of a defect in the title provided the loss does not result from a defect excluded by the policy provisions.
An examination of public records and court records to disclose the current facts regarding ownership of the real estate.
A system of land registration in which the registrar of Torrens, a public official, similar to a clerk and recorder, keeps and maintains the records pertaining to real property.
A negligent or intentional wrong done to another for which the law will grant money damages in a civil action.
A broker who assists one or more parties throughout a contemplated real estate transaction with communication, interposition, advisement, negotiation, contract terms, and closing without being an agent or advocate for the interests of any party.
A county official responsible for property tax administration and the collection of taxes.
A deed for property sold at public sale by the county for non-payment of taxes by the owner.
A loan security instrument by which a borrower conveys title to a public trustee, to be held for the protection of the lender as security for repayment of the debt. Upon payment of the debt, a trust deed must be specifically released by the trustee.
A federal law that requires lenders to fully disclose in writing the terms and conditions of a mortgage.
This is a land description based on reference to governmental surveys. It is based on pairs of principal meridians and base lines with each pair governing the survey in a designated area.
Charging more than the legal rate of interest for the use of money.
This is a mortgage backed by the Veterans Administration guaranteed to the lender for a percentage of the loan amount.
Buyer.
Seller.
A principal's liability for an agent's acts performed within the scope of the agency; specifically excluded by Colorado statute from a principal's liability unless the act or omission was approved, directed, or ratified.
Abandonment of some right or claim.
A title industry term which refers to the temporary funding an holding by lending institutions of mortgages originated by a mortgage broker until such time as the mortgage market improves or until the mortgage broker accumulates a sufficient amount of mortgages to interest a permanent mortgage purchaser.
A deed by which the grantor warrants or guarantees the title to real property against defects during the grantor's ownership and as far back as the chain of title can be established.
A court order directing an officer of the court, usually the sheriff, to carry out the judgment or decree of the court.
These are laws passed by local governments regulating the size, type, nature of structure, and use of buildings. Also known as zoning ordinances.
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